Children going for adenotonsillectomy, tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy will be approached to donate samples. Additional samples to be collected at this time may include saliva samples, urine samples, a blood sample and a nasal swab

Donors will be identified as satisfying the diagnostic criteria for Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis through clinical consultations.

Adults going for tonsillectomy will be approached to donate their tonsils. Blood and sputum samples may also be collected at this time.

D0008 Multi-centre Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Immunogenicity of Baxter H1N1 vaccine and GlaxoSmithKline H1N1 vaccine in children 6 months to 12 years of age

Please note, this collection consists of blood clots but it is listed as plasma. Study to evaluate the induction of immune memory following infant vaccination with a glycol-conjugate Neisseria Meningitidis serogroup C Vaccine and to assess the immune response to the concurrent infant routine immunisations administered in consistent versus alternating limbs.

A multi-centre, open-label, clinical, phase 4 trial, following on from a head-to-head comparison study of two H1N1 influenza vaccines in children, to compare firstly, the persistence of antibody against the A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) virus and secondly the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of one dose of a non-adjuvanted trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine, in children who had received a two-dose immunisation regimen of Celvapan or Pandemrix.

A multi-centre, open-label, clinical, phase 4 trial, following on from a head-to-head comparison study of two H1N1 influenza vaccines in children, to compare firstly, the persistence of antibody against the A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) virus and secondly the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of one dose of a non-adjuvanted trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine, in children who had received a two-dose immunisation regimen of Celvapan or Pandemrix.

Meningitis and septicaemia (blood poisoning) caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) remain important causes of death and disability amongst children and younger adults in the UK and elsewhere. The bacteria can be carried on the mucous membranes in the back of the nose and mouth without causing any symptoms. This so-called carriage state is found in around 10% of the population of the UK at any one time. The bacteria are spread through person to person contact and only occasionally does this spread lead to the development of meningitis and septicaemia rather than carriage. The reasons behind this are not clearly understood. A vaccine against meningococcus group C (Men C), one of five groups of the bacteria that can cause disease, was introduced into the UK in 1999 and led to a sharp drop in the rates of meningitis and septicaemia. The vaccine also led to a decrease in the rates of carriage of the bacteria. This suggests that the vaccine not only generates immune protection preventing meningitis and septicaemia but also generates immunity in the back of the nose and mouth preventing carriage. The way the vaccine generates this “mucosal immunity” is not known and is the topic of our research. This study is the first part of a research programme and aims to identify the way the vaccine works in the blood.

Improved diagnosis of meningococcal, pneumococcal and group A streptococcal infections

What makes the bug choose your child, how can we find it and how can we stop it? The study is trying to improve our understanding of why some children get sick when others don’t, even though they must have been exposed to the same bugs. We are also trying to develop ways of finding out what has caused an infection, using ways which don’t rely on finding the bug itself (one example of this would be to test urine for evidence of the bug for example). The other part of the study is to use the information we can get from children who are infected by these bugs to help develop vaccines to increase our ability to prevent infections in the first place.

Please note, this collection consists of blood clots but it is listed as plasma. Study to demonstrate the efficacy of GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals’ quadrivalent seasonal influenza candidate vaccine GSK2321138A (FLU D-QIV), administered intramuscularly in children 9 to 35 months of age.

Please note, this collection consists of blood clots but it is listed as plasma. During the initial study your child received one of 2 pneumococcal vaccines; either the 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV7) which protects against 7 types of pneumococcal bacteria, or the new 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) protecting against 13 types of pneumococcus which has recently replaced PCV7 in the routine immunisation schedule. The PCV13 vaccine has been shown to produce an immune response against 13 types of pneumococcus and therefore provides a broader level of protection than the PCV7 vaccine. It is now important to determine how well the immune response to the PCV13 vaccine persists throughout childhood. To do this we would like to take a sample of blood from children, who participated in the original study, when they are approximately 3 ½ years of age. We would also like to study the response to a dose of PCV13 vaccine when given to children who were immunised with either PCV7 or PCV13 as an infant.

These blood samples are from children (1 year old – 16 years old) who were admitted for treatment for suspected or confirmed septic arthritis or osteomyelitis, and enrolled in the Dinosaur study.

The effects of viral upper respiratory tract infections on bacterial colonisation of the nasopharynx in young healthy children attending day care centres. A single centre prospective longitudinal follow up study.

Samples were collected as part of the “PATH longitudinal study” from a total of 60 healthy children aged 0-16 years when they were undergoing routine adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy surgery.