The acute biobank collection can support explorations of novel application of laboratory biomarkers in acute medical care. The population is acute medical presentations to secondary care. Examples of areas currently in exploration are acute cardiovascular presentations and acute kidney injury. The collection consists of whole blood, serum, plasma and citrate plasma samples and associated clinical data. The collection has scope for adjustment to the sample type collection through NCARC’s simple amendment process. This collection aims to promote biomedical research by providing biomaterial to academic and commercial researchers/partners to facilitate high-quality research in establishing a clear diagnosis in patients presenting to hospitals. There is potential to improve the method and time taken for diagnosis with refinement of laboratory processing and biomarker discovery. The biological samples collected will enable a number of different analyses to be performed. This may include (but is not limited to): • Biomarker studies • Immunological studies • Multi-morbidity studies

The Covid-19 collection consists of blood, serum, saliva, sputum, nasal strips, nasopharyngeal & oropharyngeal swabs and pleural fluid from patients infected with the novel coronavirus. In some cases, longitudinal samples have and will be collected, which could include samples prior to or after infections with Covid-19. The Covid-19 collection aims to promote biomedical research by providing biomaterial to academic and commercial researchers/partners to facilitate high-quality research to answer a range of questions including: • How does Covid-19 make some people severely unwell? • Does our immune system protect us from re-infection with COVID-19 after we have recovered from infection? • How well do tests for Covid-19 work? • What are the best ways to identify or test for Covid-19? • How does the body respond throughout the course of infection, recovery and possible reinfection? • How long does our immune system protects us from re-infection with Covid-19 after we have recovered from infection? • How does the immune system contribute to long-term post viral symptoms? The biological samples collected will enable a number of different analyses to be performed. This may include (but is not limited to): • The effects of long Covid-19 • Biomarker studies • Immunological studies • Multi-morbidity studies • Functional analysis of cells of the respiratory system